Paradigm Generator

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Paradigm Generator

Indicative Present

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltem	om t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltet	ot t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalta	ok/ogeʃ t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltena	ona/ogəna t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalteda	oda/ogəda t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltat	ogət t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte

Indicative Simple Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃəm	ʃəm t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃət͡ɕ	ʃət͡ɕ t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃ	əʃ t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃna	əʃna t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃda	əʃda t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃt	əʃt t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte

Indicative Simple Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenam	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten oməl
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenat	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten otəl
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten ogəl
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenːa	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten onal/ogənal
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenda	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten odal/ogədal
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenət	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten ogətəl

Indicative Compound Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltem əʎe	om t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltet əʎe	ot t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalta əʎe	ok/ogeʃ t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltena əʎe	ona/ogəna t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalteda əʎe	oda/ogəda t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltat əʎe	ogət t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe

Indicative Compound Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltem ulmaʃ	om t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltet ulmaʃ	ot t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalta ulmaʃ	ok/ogeʃ t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltena ulmaʃ	ona/ogəna t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalteda ulmaʃ	oda/ogəda t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltat ulmaʃ	ogət t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ

Indicative Compound Past III

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenam əʎe	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten oməl əʎe
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenat əʎe	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten otəl əʎe
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten əʎe	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten ogəl əʎe
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenːa əʎe	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten onal/ogənal əʎe
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenda əʎe	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten odal/ogədal əʎe
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten əʎe	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten ogətəl əʎe

Indicative Compound Past IV

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenam ulmaʃ	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten oməl ulmaʃ
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenat ulmaʃ	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten otəl ulmaʃ
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten ulmaʃ	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten ogəl ulmaʃ
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenːa ulmaʃ	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten onal/ogənal ulmaʃ
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltenda ulmaʃ	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten odal/ogədal ulmaʃ
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten ulmaʃ	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten ogətəl ulmaʃ

Imperative

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	/	/
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte	it t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʒe	ənʒe t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
1PL:	(t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltena)	(ona/ogəna t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte)
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəza	ida t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃt	ənəʃt t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte

Desiderative Present

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltənem	ənem t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltənet	ənet t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneʒe	əneʒ t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltənena	ənena t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneda	əneda t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneʃt	əneʃt t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte

Desiderative Past I

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltənem əʎe	ənem t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltənena əʎe	ənet t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneʒe əʎe	əneʒ t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
1PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltənena əʎe	ənena t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneda əʎe	əneda t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneʃt əʎe	əneʃt t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte əʎe

Desiderative Past II

	Positive	Negative
1SG:	/	/
2SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltənet ulmaʃ	ənet t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ
3SG:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneʒe ulmaʃ	əneʒ t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ
1PL:	/	/
2PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneda ulmaʃ	əneda t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ
3PL:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəneʃt ulmaʃ	əneʃt t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ

Non-finite forms

Infinitive:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltaʃ
Necessitive infinitive:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəman
Active participle:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃe
Passive participle:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəme
Future-necessitive participle:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃaʃ
Negative participle:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltədəme
Affirmative instructive gerund:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkalten
Negative gerund:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəde
Gerund of prior action:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəmek(e)
Gerund of future action:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəmeʃ(ke)
Gerund of simultaneous action:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəʃəla
Nominalization:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltəmaʃ
Negative nominalization:	t͡ɕyt͡ɕkaltədəmaʃ


The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
Last update: 10 August 2023